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糖尿病治療總整理(主要缺鎂鋅錳,建議善存+無糖豆漿+無糖茶。) ... ...

熱度 6已有 1048 次閱讀2019-4-6 11:22 PM

導讀
芝無不言/生不起重病的美國人 胰島素價格十年飆漲252%
電腦合成的胰島素六聚體圖像,中心紫色的是二價鋅離子和與其配位的6個組氨酸咪唑基
黃色的是二硫鍵(很可能是半胱氨酸的二硫鍵,
在胰島素的儲存、分泌及合成中起很重要的作用
逆轉糖尿病! 科學家發現「它」可替補受損胰島β細胞 
告訴我們:
糖尿病是一組以高血糖為特徵的代謝性疾病,主要是由胰島素分泌缺陷或其生物作用受損引起。
在胰腺中,有3種不同類型的細胞,分別為α細胞、β細胞和δ細胞。
這些不同類型的細胞對於血糖調節的功能也不一樣,比如α細胞能夠產生胰高血糖素,
當血糖變低時增加血糖水準;β細胞能分泌胰島素,當血糖變高時降低血糖水準,
而δ細胞細胞產生生長激素抑制素,能夠控制α和β細胞的調節。
患有糖尿病的人,往往具有受損或缺失的β細胞功能,從而無法在血糖升高時維持血糖平衡
~~~
胰島B細胞也稱為胰島β細胞(英語:Beta cells、β cells),是一類位於胰島中的細胞,
主要功能是分泌能降低血糖濃度的胰島素,數量佔到胰島中細胞數量的60-80%。
1型糖尿病即由胰島B細胞功能異常導致

Analyses revealed negative associations between elements, 
such as Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, and type 1 diabetes incidence.
分析顯示元素如Co(鈷),Cr(鉻),Cu(銅),Mn(錳),Ni,Zn(鋅)和1型糖尿病發病率之間存在負相關
Blood manganese levels were significantly lower in the diabetes group compared 
with the non-diabetes group 
與非糖尿病組相比,糖尿病組的血水平顯著降低
The most recent study revealed Mn deficiency in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic 
patients with respect to control subjects [18].
最近的一項研究顯示,1型和2型糖尿病患者與對照組相比的錳(Mn)缺乏[18]。

Many studies indicated positive correlations between decreased levels of serum chromium, 
zinc, and magnesium and poor glycemic control.
許多研究表明血清鉻,鋅和鎂水平下降與血糖控制不良之間呈正相關
Recent findings Blood levels of trace elements (especially magnesium and zinc) 
were lower in type 1 diabetes patients than in controls
最新發現1型糖尿病患者的血液中微量元素(尤其是鎂和鋅)水平低於對照組
Studies have shown that Zinc has numerous beneficial effects in both type-1 and type-2 diabetes. 
研究表明,在1型和2型糖尿病中都有許多有益作用
與對照組相比,鋅離子Zn(II)和鎂離子Mg(II)蛋白尿、有蛋白尿的2型糖尿病、2型糖尿病顯著低
The  magnesium, chromium, cobalt,selenium, manganese, and zinc seem to be low in type 2 diabetes
Table 1
Micronutrient status in Type 2 diabetes subjects.
2型糖尿病患者的,鉻,鈷,硒,似乎較低
表格1
2型糖尿病受試者的微量營養素狀況。

Human pancreatic β cells have exceptionally high zinc content. 
人胰腺β細胞具有極高的含量
In β cells the highest zinc concentration is in insulin secretory granules
, from which it is co-secreted with the hormone. 
在β細胞中,濃度最高的是胰島素分泌顆粒,它與激素共同分泌。
In the mammalian pancreas, Zn2+ is essential for the correct processing, storage,
 secretion, and action of insulin in beta (β)-cells. 
在哺乳動物胰腺中,Zn2 +對於β(β) - 細胞中胰島素的正確加工,儲存,分泌和作用是必需的
Zn2+ levels in the pancreas have been found to be associated with diabetes. 
已發現胰腺中Zn2+(鋅離子)的水平與糖尿病有關
Zinc is required for insulin synthesis and storage 
是胰島素合成和儲存所必需的
Our observations showed a definite lowering of serum magnesium (p<0.001) and 
serum zinc levels (p<0.001) were significant in diabetic group.
我們的觀察顯示糖尿病組血清,血清水平顯著降低
Regenerating insulin-producing cells with zinc could tackle the underlying cause of diabetes
再生胰島素生成細胞可以解決糖尿病的根本原因
In addition, we note that zinc supplementation significantly increases insulin 
secretion with a significant elevation of ZIP8 transporters in SHED-β cells. 
此外,我們注意到補充可顯著增加胰島素分泌,同時SHED-β細胞中ZIP8轉運蛋白顯著升高。

總結以上
由上可知,1、2型糖尿病都缺鎂鋅錳
補充鎂鋅錳建議一天一粒男性/女性善存+無糖豆漿+無糖茶
含鎂高的食物(由多至少依序排列)海苔、松子、榛果、亞麻籽、南瓜子、甘草、小茴香、桑葚
、芥末、核桃、黑芝麻、葵花籽、杏仁、蕎麥、菊花、黑豆
含鋅高的食物(由多至少依序排列)
小麥胚芽(http://www.momoshop.com.tw/mosearch/小麥胚芽.html)、核桃、松子、南瓜子、
含錳最多的食物(由多至少依序排列)
紅茶、綠茶、薑、黑芝麻、小麥胚芽、肉桂、木耳、蓮子、核桃

相關文章
糖尿病與傷口癒合的關係?第二型糖尿病缺鎂、錳?
糖尿病不上身!如何治療糖尿病(最終章)

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回復 thelord20092019-10-8 11:13 PM
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate in cytoplasm, which produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The whole pathway of glycolysis, containing 10 steps of chemical reactions with each catalyzed by a specific enzyme, was elucidated by the 1940s.5 Figure 1 shows the 10 steps and 10 specific enzymes, which are hexokinase (HK), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), phosphofructokinase (PFK), aldolase, triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM), enolase, and pyruvate kinase (PK).
糖酵解是在細胞質中將葡萄糖轉化為丙酮酸的代謝途徑,產生三磷酸腺苷(ATP)。 1940年代闡明了糖酵解的整個途徑,其中包含10個步驟的化學反應,每個反應由一種特定的酶催化。5圖1顯示了10個步驟和10種特定的酶,分別是己糖激酶(HK),磷酸葡萄糖異構酶(PGI)。 ,磷酸果糖激酶(PFK),醛縮酶,磷酸三糖異構酶(TPI),甘油醛3磷酸脫氫酶(GAPDH),磷酸甘油酸酯激酶(PGK),磷酸甘油酸酯突變酶(PGM),烯醇酶和丙酮酸激酶(PK)。
節錄自https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4448463/
回復 thelord20092019-10-8 11:19 PM
as the hexokinase activity decreases with zinc deficiency
己糖激酶(HK)活性隨鋅缺乏而降低
節錄自https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=BLc7zoyKqUcC&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=hexokinase%2Bzinc

phosphoglucose isomerase(PGI)
磷酸葡萄糖異構酶(PGI)
The activity was enhanced by the addition of Fe2+, but inhibited by Zn2+ and EDTA.
加入Fe2+(鐵離子)可以增強活性,但是可以被Zn2+(鋅離子)和EDTA抑制。
節錄自https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/characterization-cupintype-phosphoglucose-isomerase-hyperthermophilic-archaeon-thermococcus-litorali/
要獲得Fe2+(鐵離子)要靠維它命C
詳見http://blog.eyny.com/blog-5788411-750398.html

The involvement of Mg2+ ions in the reaction catalysed by phosphofructokinase(PFK)
Mg2+(鎂)離子參與果糖磷酸激酶(PFK)催化的反應
free Mg2+ ions are also required for enzyme activity.
酶活性也需要游離的Mg2+(鎂)離子。
節錄自https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1148366/

Class II aldolase requires Zn2+ in the active site [35].
II類醛縮酶在活性位點需要Zn2+(鋅離子) [35]。
節錄自https://www.bu.edu/aldolase/lab/research.html
In the case of the aldolase reaction, Mn2+ ion, which might be essential for the reaction
在醛縮酶反應的情況下,Mn2+(錳)離子可能對反應至關重要
節錄自https://www.researchgate.net/publication/15433368

Table13-2
表13-2
triosephosphate isomerase(TPI)
磷酸三糖異構酶(TPI)
Coenzymes and cofactors:Mg2+
輔酶和輔因子:鎂離子
~~~
Enolase
烯醇酶
Coenzymes and cofactors:Mg2+
輔酶和輔因子:鎂離子
節錄自https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=eCOL8lW76F8C&pg=PA228&lpg=PA228&dq=triosephosphate+isomerase%2BMg2%2B

the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)
糖酵解酶甘油醛-3-磷酸脫氫酶(GAPDH)
Using RT-PCR, increased GAPDH expression was detected in cells exposed to manganese compared with controls.
與對照組相比,使用RT-PCR檢測到暴露於錳的細胞中GAPDH表達增加。
節錄自https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10403426
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)
3-磷酸甘油醛脫氫酶(GAPDH)
It was inhibited by copper, cobalt nickel, iron and lead but was activated by zinc.
它被鋅激活。
節錄自https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23607280

7.
酵素:phosphoglycerate kinase(PGK)
需要Mg2+(鎂離子)協助
8.
酵素:phosphoglycerate mutase(PGM)
此步驟需要Mg2+(鎂離子)的參與
10.
酵素:pyruvate kinase(PK)
需要Mg2+(鎂離子)協助
節錄自https://publish.get.com.tw/BookPre_pdf/67MC000101-1.pdf

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